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Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Measure.Haar.Quotient

Haar quotient measure #

In this file, we consider properties of fundamental domains and measures for the action of a subgroup Γ of a topological group G on G itself. Let μ be a measure on G ⧸ Γ.

Main results #

The next two results assume that Γ is normal, and that G is equipped with a left- and right-invariant measure.

The last result assumes that G is locally compact, that Γ is countable and normal, that its action on G has a fundamental domain, and that μ is a finite measure. We also assume that G is equipped with a sigma-finite Haar measure.

Note that a group G with Haar measure that is both left and right invariant is called unimodular.

Measurability of the action of the additive topological group G on the left-coset space G / Γ.

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Measurability of the action of the topological group G on the left-coset space G / Γ.

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If μ satisfies QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage relative to a both left- and right- invariant measure ν on G, then it is a G invariant measure on G ⧸ Γ.

Given a subgroup Γ of a topological group G with measure ν, and a measure 'μ' on the quotient G ⧸ Γ satisfying QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage, the restriction of ν to a fundamental domain is measure-preserving with respect to μ.

If μ on G ⧸ Γ satisfies AddQuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage relative to a both left- and right-invariant measure on G and Γ is a normal subgroup, then μ is a left-invariant measure.

If μ on G ⧸ Γ satisfies QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage relative to a both left- and right-invariant measure on G and Γ is a normal subgroup, then μ is a left-invariant measure.

theorem MeasureTheory.Measure.IsAddLeftInvariant.addQuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage_of_set {G : Type u_1} [AddGroup G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalAddGroup G] [BorelSpace G] [PolishSpace G] {Γ : AddSubgroup G} [Countable ↥Γ] [Γ.Normal] [T2Space (G ⧸ Γ)] [SecondCountableTopology (G ⧸ Γ)] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure (G ⧸ Γ)} (ν : MeasureTheory.Measure G) [ν.IsAddLeftInvariant] [ν.IsAddRightInvariant] [MeasureTheory.SigmaFinite ν] [μ.IsAddLeftInvariant] [MeasureTheory.SigmaFinite μ] {s : Set G} (fund_dom_s : MeasureTheory.IsAddFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) s ν) {V : Set (G ⧸ Γ)} (meas_V : MeasurableSet V) (neZeroV : μ V ≠ 0) (hV : μ V = ν (QuotientAddGroup.mk ⁻¹' V ∩ s)) (neTopV : μ V ≠ ⊤) :

Assume that a measure μ is IsAddLeftInvariant, that the action of Γ on G has a measurable fundamental domain s with positive finite volume, and that there is a single measurable set V ⊆ G ⧸ Γ along which the pullback of μ and ν agree (so the scaling is right). Then μ satisfies AddQuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage. The main tool of the proof is the uniqueness of left invariant measures, if normalized by a single positive finite-measured set.

theorem MeasureTheory.Measure.IsMulLeftInvariant.quotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage_of_set {G : Type u_1} [Group G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalGroup G] [BorelSpace G] [PolishSpace G] {Γ : Subgroup G} [Countable ↥Γ] [Γ.Normal] [T2Space (G ⧸ Γ)] [SecondCountableTopology (G ⧸ Γ)] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure (G ⧸ Γ)} (ν : MeasureTheory.Measure G) [ν.IsMulLeftInvariant] [ν.IsMulRightInvariant] [MeasureTheory.SigmaFinite ν] [μ.IsMulLeftInvariant] [MeasureTheory.SigmaFinite μ] {s : Set G} (fund_dom_s : MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) s ν) {V : Set (G ⧸ Γ)} (meas_V : MeasurableSet V) (neZeroV : μ V ≠ 0) (hV : μ V = ν (QuotientGroup.mk ⁻¹' V ∩ s)) (neTopV : μ V ≠ ⊤) :

Assume that a measure μ is IsMulLeftInvariant, that the action of Γ on G has a measurable fundamental domain s with positive finite volume, and that there is a single measurable set V ⊆ G ⧸ Γ along which the pullback of μ and ν agree (so the scaling is right). Then μ satisfies QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage. The main tool of the proof is the uniqueness of left invariant measures, if normalized by a single positive finite-measured set.

If a measure μ is left-invariant and satisfies the right scaling condition, then it satisfies AddQuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage.

theorem MeasureTheory.leftInvariantIsQuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage {G : Type u_1} [Group G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalGroup G] [BorelSpace G] [PolishSpace G] {Γ : Subgroup G} [Countable ↥Γ] [Γ.Normal] [T2Space (G ⧸ Γ)] [SecondCountableTopology (G ⧸ Γ)] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure (G ⧸ Γ)} (ν : MeasureTheory.Measure G) [ν.IsMulLeftInvariant] [ν.IsMulRightInvariant] [MeasureTheory.SigmaFinite ν] [μ.IsMulLeftInvariant] [MeasureTheory.SigmaFinite μ] [MeasureTheory.IsFiniteMeasure μ] [hasFun : MeasureTheory.HasFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) G ν] (h : MeasureTheory.covolume (↥Γ.op) G ν = μ Set.univ) :

If a measure μ is left-invariant and satisfies the right scaling condition, then it satisfies QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage.

If a measure μ on the quotient G ⧸ Γ of an additive group G by a discrete normal subgroup Γ having fundamental domain, satisfies AddQuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage relative to a standardized choice of Haar measure on G, and assuming μ is finite, then μ is itself Haar.

If a measure μ on the quotient G ⧸ Γ of a group G by a discrete normal subgroup Γ having fundamental domain, satisfies QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage relative to a standardized choice of Haar measure on G, and assuming μ is finite, then μ is itself Haar. TODO: Is it possible to drop the assumption that μ is finite?

theorem IsFundamentalDomain.AddQuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage_AddHaarMeasure {G : Type u_1} [AddGroup G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalAddGroup G] [BorelSpace G] [PolishSpace G] {Γ : AddSubgroup G} [Countable ↥Γ] [Γ.Normal] [T2Space (G ⧸ Γ)] [SecondCountableTopology (G ⧸ Γ)] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure (G ⧸ Γ)} (ν : MeasureTheory.Measure G) [MeasureTheory.SigmaFinite ν] [ν.IsAddHaarMeasure] [ν.IsAddRightInvariant] {𝓕 : Set G} (h𝓕 : MeasureTheory.IsAddFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) 𝓕 ν) [μ.IsAddLeftInvariant] [MeasureTheory.SigmaFinite μ] {V : Set (G ⧸ Γ)} (hV : (interior V).Nonempty) (meas_V : MeasurableSet V) (hμK : μ V = ν (QuotientAddGroup.mk ⁻¹' V ∩ 𝓕)) (neTopV : μ V ≠ ⊤) :

Given a normal subgroup Γ of an additive topological group G with Haar measure μ, which is also right-invariant, and a finite volume fundamental domain 𝓕, the quotient map to G ⧸ Γ, properly normalized, satisfies AddQuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage.

theorem IsFundamentalDomain.QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage_HaarMeasure {G : Type u_1} [Group G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalGroup G] [BorelSpace G] [PolishSpace G] {Γ : Subgroup G} [Countable ↥Γ] [Γ.Normal] [T2Space (G ⧸ Γ)] [SecondCountableTopology (G ⧸ Γ)] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure (G ⧸ Γ)} (ν : MeasureTheory.Measure G) [MeasureTheory.SigmaFinite ν] [ν.IsHaarMeasure] [ν.IsMulRightInvariant] {𝓕 : Set G} (h𝓕 : MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) 𝓕 ν) [μ.IsMulLeftInvariant] [MeasureTheory.SigmaFinite μ] {V : Set (G ⧸ Γ)} (hV : (interior V).Nonempty) (meas_V : MeasurableSet V) (hμK : μ V = ν (QuotientGroup.mk ⁻¹' V ∩ 𝓕)) (neTopV : μ V ≠ ⊤) :

Given a normal subgroup Γ of a topological group G with Haar measure μ, which is also right-invariant, and a finite volume fundamental domain 𝓕, the quotient map to G ⧸ Γ, properly normalized, satisfies QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage.

theorem IsFundamentalDomain.AddQuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage_vaddAddHaarMeasure {G : Type u_1} [AddGroup G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalAddGroup G] [BorelSpace G] [PolishSpace G] {Γ : AddSubgroup G} [Countable ↥Γ] [Γ.Normal] [T2Space (G ⧸ Γ)] [SecondCountableTopology (G ⧸ Γ)] (ν : MeasureTheory.Measure G) [MeasureTheory.SigmaFinite ν] [ν.IsAddHaarMeasure] [ν.IsAddRightInvariant] (K : TopologicalSpace.PositiveCompacts (G ⧸ Γ)) {𝓕 : Set G} (h𝓕 : MeasureTheory.IsAddFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) 𝓕 ν) (h𝓕_finite : ν 𝓕 ≠ ⊤) :

Given a normal subgroup Γ of an additive topological group G with Haar measure μ, which is also right-invariant, and a finite volume fundamental domain 𝓕, the quotient map to G ⧸ Γ, properly normalized, satisfies AddQuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage.

theorem IsFundamentalDomain.QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage_smulHaarMeasure {G : Type u_1} [Group G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalGroup G] [BorelSpace G] [PolishSpace G] {Γ : Subgroup G} [Countable ↥Γ] [Γ.Normal] [T2Space (G ⧸ Γ)] [SecondCountableTopology (G ⧸ Γ)] (ν : MeasureTheory.Measure G) [MeasureTheory.SigmaFinite ν] [ν.IsHaarMeasure] [ν.IsMulRightInvariant] (K : TopologicalSpace.PositiveCompacts (G ⧸ Γ)) {𝓕 : Set G} (h𝓕 : MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) 𝓕 ν) (h𝓕_finite : ν 𝓕 ≠ ⊤) :

Given a normal subgroup Γ of a topological group G with Haar measure μ, which is also right-invariant, and a finite volume fundamental domain 𝓕, the quotient map to G ⧸ Γ, properly normalized, satisfies QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage.

theorem essSup_comp_quotientAddGroup_mk {G : Type u_1} [AddGroup G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalAddGroup G] [BorelSpace G] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure G} {Γ : AddSubgroup G} {𝓕 : Set G} (h𝓕 : MeasureTheory.IsAddFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) 𝓕 μ) [Countable ↥Γ] [MeasurableSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] [BorelSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] [μ.IsAddRightInvariant] {g : G ⧸ Γ → ENNReal} (g_ae_measurable : AEMeasurable g (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientAddGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕))) :
essSup g (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientAddGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕)) = essSup (fun (x : G) => g ↑x) μ

The essSup of a function g on the additive quotient space G ⧸ Γ with respect to the pushforward of the restriction, μ_𝓕, of a right-invariant measure μ to a fundamental domain 𝓕, is the same as the essSup of g's lift to the universal cover G with respect to μ.

abbrev essSup_comp_quotientAddGroup_mk.match_1 {G : Type u_1} [AddGroup G] {Γ : AddSubgroup G} (motive : ↥Γ.op → Prop) :
∀ (h : ↥Γ.op), (∀ (γ : Gᵃᵒᵖ) (hγ : γ ∈ Γ.op), motive ⟨γ, hγ⟩) → motive h
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Instances For
    theorem essSup_comp_quotientGroup_mk {G : Type u_1} [Group G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalGroup G] [BorelSpace G] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure G} {Γ : Subgroup G} {𝓕 : Set G} (h𝓕 : MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) 𝓕 μ) [Countable ↥Γ] [MeasurableSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] [BorelSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] [μ.IsMulRightInvariant] {g : G ⧸ Γ → ENNReal} (g_ae_measurable : AEMeasurable g (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕))) :
    essSup g (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕)) = essSup (fun (x : G) => g ↑x) μ

    The essSup of a function g on the quotient space G ⧸ Γ with respect to the pushforward of the restriction, μ_𝓕, of a right-invariant measure μ to a fundamental domain 𝓕, is the same as the essSup of g's lift to the universal cover G with respect to μ.

    theorem MeasureTheory.IsAddFundamentalDomain.absolutelyContinuous_map {G : Type u_1} [AddGroup G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalAddGroup G] [BorelSpace G] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure G} {Γ : AddSubgroup G} {𝓕 : Set G} (h𝓕 : MeasureTheory.IsAddFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) 𝓕 μ) [Countable ↥Γ] [MeasurableSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] [BorelSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] [μ.IsAddRightInvariant] :
    (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientAddGroup.mk μ).AbsolutelyContinuous (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientAddGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕))

    Given an additive quotient space G ⧸ Γ where Γ is Countable, and the restriction, μ_𝓕, of a right-invariant measure μ on G to a fundamental domain 𝓕, a set in the quotient which has μ_𝓕-measure zero, also has measure zero under the folding of μ under the quotient. Note that, if Γ is infinite, then the folded map will take the value ∞ on any open set in the quotient!

    theorem MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain.absolutelyContinuous_map {G : Type u_1} [Group G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalGroup G] [BorelSpace G] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure G} {Γ : Subgroup G} {𝓕 : Set G} (h𝓕 : MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) 𝓕 μ) [Countable ↥Γ] [MeasurableSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] [BorelSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] [μ.IsMulRightInvariant] :
    (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientGroup.mk μ).AbsolutelyContinuous (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕))

    Given a quotient space G ⧸ Γ where Γ is Countable, and the restriction, μ_𝓕, of a right-invariant measure μ on G to a fundamental domain 𝓕, a set in the quotient which has μ_𝓕-measure zero, also has measure zero under the folding of μ under the quotient. Note that, if Γ is infinite, then the folded map will take the value ∞ on any open set in the quotient!

    theorem QuotientAddGroup.integral_eq_integral_automorphize {G : Type u_1} [AddGroup G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalAddGroup G] [BorelSpace G] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure G} {Γ : AddSubgroup G} {𝓕 : Set G} (h𝓕 : MeasureTheory.IsAddFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) 𝓕 μ) [Countable ↥Γ] [MeasurableSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] [BorelSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] {E : Type u_2} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ℝ E] [μ.IsAddRightInvariant] {f : G → E} (hf₁ : MeasureTheory.Integrable f μ) (hf₂ : MeasureTheory.AEStronglyMeasurable (QuotientAddGroup.automorphize f) (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientAddGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕))) :
    ∫ (x : G), f x ∂μ = ∫ (x : G ⧸ Γ), QuotientAddGroup.automorphize f x ∂MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientAddGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕)

    This is a simple version of the Unfolding Trick: Given a subgroup Γ of an additive group G, the integral of a function f on G with respect to a right-invariant measure μ is equal to the integral over the quotient G ⧸ Γ of the automorphization of f.

    theorem QuotientGroup.integral_eq_integral_automorphize {G : Type u_1} [Group G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalGroup G] [BorelSpace G] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure G} {Γ : Subgroup G} {𝓕 : Set G} (h𝓕 : MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) 𝓕 μ) [Countable ↥Γ] [MeasurableSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] [BorelSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] {E : Type u_2} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ℝ E] [μ.IsMulRightInvariant] {f : G → E} (hf₁ : MeasureTheory.Integrable f μ) (hf₂ : MeasureTheory.AEStronglyMeasurable (QuotientGroup.automorphize f) (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕))) :
    ∫ (x : G), f x ∂μ = ∫ (x : G ⧸ Γ), QuotientGroup.automorphize f x ∂MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕)

    This is a simple version of the Unfolding Trick: Given a subgroup Γ of a group G, the integral of a function f on G with respect to a right-invariant measure μ is equal to the integral over the quotient G ⧸ Γ of the automorphization of f.

    theorem QuotientGroup.integral_mul_eq_integral_automorphize_mul {G : Type u_1} [Group G] [MeasurableSpace G] [TopologicalSpace G] [TopologicalGroup G] [BorelSpace G] {μ : MeasureTheory.Measure G} {Γ : Subgroup G} {𝓕 : Set G} (h𝓕 : MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain (↥Γ.op) 𝓕 μ) [Countable ↥Γ] [MeasurableSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] [BorelSpace (G ⧸ Γ)] {K : Type u_2} [NormedField K] [NormedSpace ℝ K] [μ.IsMulRightInvariant] {f : G → K} (f_ℒ_1 : MeasureTheory.Integrable f μ) {g : G ⧸ Γ → K} (hg : MeasureTheory.AEStronglyMeasurable g (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕))) (g_ℒ_infinity : essSup (fun (x : G ⧸ Γ) => ↑‖g x‖₊) (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕)) ≠ ⊤) (F_ae_measurable : MeasureTheory.AEStronglyMeasurable (QuotientGroup.automorphize f) (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕))) :
    ∫ (x : G), g ↑x * f x ∂μ = ∫ (x : G ⧸ Γ), g x * QuotientGroup.automorphize f x ∂MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientGroup.mk (μ.restrict 𝓕)

    This is the Unfolding Trick: Given a subgroup Γ of a group G, the integral of a function f on G times the lift to G of a function g on the quotient G ⧸ Γ with respect to a right-invariant measure μ on G, is equal to the integral over the quotient of the automorphization of f times g.

    theorem QuotientAddGroup.integral_mul_eq_integral_automorphize_mul {G' : Type u_1} [AddGroup G'] [MeasurableSpace G'] [TopologicalSpace G'] [TopologicalAddGroup G'] [BorelSpace G'] {μ' : MeasureTheory.Measure G'} {Γ' : AddSubgroup G'} [Countable ↥Γ'] [MeasurableSpace (G' ⧸ Γ')] [BorelSpace (G' ⧸ Γ')] {𝓕' : Set G'} {K : Type u_2} [NormedField K] [NormedSpace ℝ K] [μ'.IsAddRightInvariant] {f : G' → K} (f_ℒ_1 : MeasureTheory.Integrable f μ') {g : G' ⧸ Γ' → K} (hg : MeasureTheory.AEStronglyMeasurable g (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientAddGroup.mk (μ'.restrict 𝓕'))) (g_ℒ_infinity : essSup (fun (x : G' ⧸ Γ') => ↑‖g x‖₊) (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientAddGroup.mk (μ'.restrict 𝓕')) ≠ ⊤) (F_ae_measurable : MeasureTheory.AEStronglyMeasurable (QuotientAddGroup.automorphize f) (MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientAddGroup.mk (μ'.restrict 𝓕'))) (h𝓕 : MeasureTheory.IsAddFundamentalDomain (↥Γ'.op) 𝓕' μ') :
    ∫ (x : G'), g ↑x * f x ∂μ' = ∫ (x : G' ⧸ Γ'), g x * QuotientAddGroup.automorphize f x ∂MeasureTheory.Measure.map QuotientAddGroup.mk (μ'.restrict 𝓕')

    This is the Unfolding Trick: Given an additive subgroup Γ' of an additive group G', the integral of a function f on G' times the lift to G' of a function g on the quotient G' ⧸ Γ' with respect to a right-invariant measure μ on G', is equal to the integral over the quotient of the automorphization of f times g.